The best knives for cutting paraffin blocks are the double concave
Dissecting trays contains wax
(a) Dissecting needles (b) Scissors (c) Scalpels (d) Pen-knife (e) Hand lens (f) Seekers
(g) Pen-knife opened (h) Mounted needle
Dissecting needles are used to tease out specimens or holding skins or appendages on dissecting board
Scissors is used for cutting specimens or small bone
Scalpels are used for cutting or making an incision on a specimen
Pen-knife is used for making sections or cutting bones
Hand lens is used for magnifying the details of specimens
Seeker is used for probing into the animal being dissected without causing displacement of the organs
Pen-knife opened is used for making sections or cutting bones
Mounted needle is used for pining or lifting specimens
These are dissecting kit equipment used to cut bones of specimen
- pen-knife opened
- pen-knife
- scissors
(1) Eyepiece: 7x, 10, 15x
(2) Tube
(3) Prism
(4) Clamp screw
(5) Nose-piece centring screw
(6) Nose-piece/turret
(7) Objective 3.7x, 8x, 20x, 40
(8) Condenser clamp screw
(9) Condenser iris
(10) Filter holder
(11) Accessory lens
(12) Condenser focusing
(13) Gimballed plano concave mirror
(14) Base plate
(15) Fine focus control
(16) Coarse focus control
(17) Stock (house focusing mechanism)
(18) Stage
(19) Mechanical stage mount
(20) Stage clip
(21) Limp
Oil immersion objectives of 90x magnification is used for examination of protozoa and blood
Optical causes and mechanical causes are responsible for the inability of microscope to obtain a sharp image (referred to as dull field)
There are two sources used for illumination without a condenser
The two sources of light used for illumination are external light source and daylight illumination
The most readily available of all sources of illumination for a microscope is daylight
A focusing telescope is also known as a Bertrand lens
The oil immersion technique is a way of enhancing the efficiency of the microscope
Objects on a slide cannot be measured directly (TRUE)
An object on a slide is measured against a pre-calibrated graticule which is placed inside the eyepiece of the microscope
When measuring microscopic object on a slide, a process whereby a conversion factor is applied to obtain the actual size of the object is known as micrometry
The process of applying a conversion factor to obtain the actual size of the object on a slide is called micrometry
Aan objective lens of 90x or 100x is required to examine small objects such as red blood cell (7,um) and bacteria (1-5,um)
To maximize the light gathering ability of the lens of the microscope, immersion oil is added between the objective and the cover glass
NB: Water is rarely used to maximize the light gathering ability of the microscope lens
Most focusing condensers are held in their mounting by screws
When lubricating mechanical parts of a microscope, greases is applied as a smear with the finger tip or sharpened dogwood peg
Another name for 1,2-dimenthylbenzene is xylene
MODULE 2
It is the duty of a laboratory technician to collect, procure and preserve animal specimens for practical use by the students
Animals which live in water bodies are referred to as aquatic animals
Animals which live on land are called terrestrial animals
Specimens for practical work are procured from the market
Live animals are generally collected from aquatic and land (terrestrial) environment
Aquatic live animals are collected from pond
A park or field is one of the sources of collecting live animals
The following are sources of collection of aquatic invertebrates for laboratory work
- ponds
- lakes
- rivers
Earthworms are collected from moist soil having organic matter at night and after a rain
Earthworms are not easily available in dry season
These are the materials required for the collection of earthworms from the soil after a rainy day
- a bucket
- flashlight torch (for night collection)
- blunt-end forceps
During flowering seasons, terrestrial insects are found in the gardens, in the fields and indoors
Aquatic insects are collected from water bodies like ponds and lakes
The following are methods of collecting insects
Sweep Net method is suitable for collecting many insects
Light trap is equipment used for collection of nocturnal insects like moths, midges, beetles and winged termites
Light trap, net and aspirator are used for collection of insects
Aspirator is a simple suction device used for collection of small insects (such as mosquitoes, thrips and sandflies)
Laboratory work is an integral part of learning science (TRUE)
Which of these is a technique of preparing slides of biological material?
Squash preparation
Pteridophytes are spore-producing vascular plants
Pteridophytes are commonly known as vascular cryptogams
Pteridophytes are spore-producing vascular plants
The following statements are true of pteridophytes
- They are commonly known as vascular cryptogams
- They are spore-producing vascular plants
- They possess the vascular tissues xylem and phloem
- They grow in variable habitats
- Most of the pteridophytes are terrestrial plants
- A few pteridophytes are epiphytes and some species are found in aquatic habitats
Gymnosperms are plants with naked seeds
Plants with naked seeds are referred to as Gymnosperms
A technician make and maintain a herbarium
A place where plant specimens are preserved for biological studies is called herbarium
Plants are grown in a botanical garden or green house (for biological studies)
The following are the sources of algae for collection or biological studies
- soil surface
- bark of trees
- fresh water
- sea water
Bryophytes collected in bag is kept under illumination at 0-5ºC to keep the plant alive for a longer duration
Common name: Maize
Kingdom - plantae
Phylum - Angiospermatophyta
Class - Angiosperms
Order – Moncotyledoneae
Family - poaceae
Genus - Zea
Species –zeamays
The common name for Zea mays is Maize
The scientific name for maize is Zea mays
The common name for Vigna unquiculata is Cowpea
The scientific name for cowpea is Vigna unquiculata
The common name for Musa sp is Banana
The scientific name for banana is Musa sp
Lower plants are fixed before storing in sterilized bottles
Lower plants are fixed before storing in sterilized bottles
Higher plants are preserved by drying and stored in the herbarium
Higher plants are preserved by drying
Lower plants are stored in___________ bottles while higher plants are stored in _________
Sterilized, herbarium
The insects to be killed are transferred into a bottle containing killing agent
The following are killing agents used to kill insects
- ethyl acetate
- chloroform
- ether
- tetrachloroethane
The most safe and efficient insect killing agent is ethyl acetate
Separate killing bottles are used when killing different types of insects (TRUE)
All these are the materials required to kill insects
Empty glass bottle (jam or holicks bottle)
- Ethyl acetate
- Cotton
- Blotting paper
- Forceps
To kill an insect, a wad of cotton is soaked in ethyl acetate
An insect killing bottle is labeled as poison bottle
After killing insects, they are pinned with entomological pins on the pinning board
Insect killing bottle is referred to as poison bottle
